Which of the following components converts rotational energy into electrical energy?

The correct answer is an alternator, as it is specifically designed to convert rotational energy into electrical energy. In the context of UAS (Unmanned Aerial Systems) or any mechanical system, the alternator uses mechanical energy produced by the rotation of an engine or turbine to generate alternating current (AC) electricity.

This process involves the interaction of magnetic fields and conductive materials within the alternator, leading to the generation of electrical charge as the rotor spins. A key aspect of UAS operations is the need for efficient power generation to ensure the aircraft can operate various systems, which is where the alternator plays a crucial role.

While a generator also converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, in many contexts the term "generator" may refer to both alternators and devices that produce direct current (DC). Batteries, on the other hand, are storage devices that hold electrical energy rather than generate it from rotational energy. Rectifiers are components that convert AC to DC but do not generate electricity themselves. Understanding the specific role of each component clarifies why the alternator is the correct answer in this scenario.