Total drag on an aircraft is the combined effect of which two components?

Total drag on an aircraft is indeed the combined effect of parasitic drag and lift-induced drag. Parasitic drag arises from the non-lifting components of the aircraft, including the fuselage, wings, and any other protruding surfaces that create resistance as the aircraft moves through the air. It is generally influenced by factors such as shape, texture, and speed.

Lift-induced drag, on the other hand, is directly related to the production of lift. As the angle of attack increases to generate more lift, there is a corresponding increase in induced drag. This type of drag is more significant at lower speeds and higher angles of attack, reflecting the aerodynamic principles that govern lift production.

Together, these components of drag help define the overall aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft, impacting performance and fuel consumption. Understanding the distinction and interaction between these two types of drag is crucial for optimizing aircraft design and pilot operations.