Aviation uses G forces to measure which of the following?

The measurement of G forces in aviation is directly related to "load." G forces, or gravitational forces, quantify the stress or load that an aircraft structure experiences during maneuvers such as acceleration, deceleration, and changes in direction. During these maneuvers, the forces acting upon the aircraft and its occupants can exceed the normal gravitational force, leading to conditions experienced as positive or negative G forces.

Understanding G forces is crucial for pilots and aircraft designers since it affects the performance and structural integrity of the aircraft. High G forces can lead to increased loads on the wings and fuselage, which must be designed to withstand specific limits. This measurement is integral to ensuring safety and performance during intense flight operations.

While speed, altitude, and direction are important parameters in aviation, they are not measured in G forces. Speed is generally measured in knots or miles per hour, altitude is measured in feet or meters above sea level, and direction is measured in degrees or cardinal points. Hence, the correct answer aligns with the fundamental principles of aviation dynamics and safety.